Roman Imperial Mints

The primary mint of the Roman state for its entire history. Operated almost continuously from the Republic through the fall of the Western Empire. Under Diocletian's reforms it was reorganised with multiple officinae (workshops), each marked with a letter (P, S, T, Q for Prima through Quarta). The vast majority of Republican and early Imperial coinage was struck here.

Founded by Augustus as the principal mint of the western provinces. For much of the 1st century AD it was the only mint outside Rome striking gold and silver. Its output was enormous under Augustus and Tiberius. Closed and reopened several times, it remained active into the 5th century.

The great eastern mint, serving as the primary source of coinage for Rome's eastern campaigns and provinces. Active from the late Republic, it became one of the most important mints under the Tetrarchy. Its output rivalled Rome itself during the 4th century. Officinae marked A through I (up to 10 workshops).

Egypt's sole mint, which initially struck a separate provincial coinage (tetradrachms in billon) until Diocletian's currency reform unified the system in 296 AD. After the reform it produced standard Imperial denominations. Known for distinctive artistic styles influenced by Ptolemaic traditions.

Established during Diocletian's Tetrarchy as the mint of the Caesar in Gaul. Became one of the most prolific mints of the 4th century, serving as the imperial capital of the western provinces. Its output was particularly large under Constantine I and his successors.

Opened by Gallienus during the Crisis of the Third Century to supply coinage for the Danubian legions. Became a major Tetrarchic mint. Its products are identifiable by consistently high-quality die work. Closed in the late 4th century as the frontier shifted.

Founded by Aurelian after his reconquest of the breakaway Gallic Empire. A relatively short-lived but productive mint. Closed by Constantine I in 326 AD when he consolidated minting at other centres.

Located on the Sea of Marmara, Cyzicus was an ancient Greek city with a long minting tradition. Reopened as an Imperial mint during the Crisis of the Third Century. Became one of the standard Tetrarchic mints and remained active throughout the 4th century.

Diocletian's eastern capital and the seat of his court. Established as a mint during the Tetrarchy, it served the eastern Augustus. Produced large volumes of coinage through the 4th and 5th centuries.

A Tetrarchic mint in Thrace, positioned strategically between the Danubian and eastern frontiers. Produced steady but moderate volumes of coinage. Its mint marks are sometimes confused with Heraclea Pontica.

Established during the Tetrarchy to serve the province of Macedonia. Galerius made the city his capital, and its mint produced large volumes during his reign. Continued as a significant eastern mint through the 5th century.

Founded by Constantine I as the mint of his new capital. Quickly became one of the most important mints in the Empire and the primary mint of the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire. CONOB on gold coins stands for Constantinopolis Obryzum (refined gold). Operated continuously for over a thousand years.

Established by the usurper Carausius when he seized control of Britain in 286 AD. Continued under Allectus and then under legitimate emperors after Constantius I recovered the province in 296. Closed by Constantine I around 325 AD. Its coins are prized by British collectors.

A major northern Italian city and military base. Its mint served the armies defending the Alpine passes and the Italian frontier. Active from the Tetrarchy through the early 5th century. Destroyed by Attila the Hun in 452 AD.

Opened by Constantine I after closing the Ostia mint, taking over its role in supplying southern Gaul. Renamed Constantina in his honour (which can cause confusion with Constantinople). One of the last western mints still operating at the fall of the Western Empire.

An important military centre on the Danube frontier. Its mint operated intermittently, opening and closing as military needs dictated. Particularly active during the reigns of Constantius II and Valentinian I.